- Evaluation of Open Pollinated and Hybrid Okra Varieties for Plasticulture Production
- Herbicide Potpourri
- National Organic Program
- prohibits the use of genetic engineering (included in excluded methods) and growth hormones.
- prohibits ionizing radiation
- prohibits sewage sludge
- increased the minimum percentage of organic ingredients in products labeled "Made with organic ingredients" from 50 to 70%
- adopted 5% of the EPA pesticide residue tolerance as the pesticide residue compliance threshold
- farms and handling operations that sell less than $5,000 annually of organic agricultural products are exempt from certification, but must still comply with all other national standards for organic products and may label their products as organic
- retail food establishments that sell organically produced agricultural products, but do not process them, are exempt from certification
- land will have no prohibited substances applied to it for at least 3 years before harvest
- type of operation
- history of substances applied to land for the previous 3 years
- organic products being grown, raised, or processed
- organic plan and practices used
- keeping of records for 5 years concerning the production, harvesting, and handling of products
- on-site inspection of applicants operation for certification eligibility, annual inspections, and the USDA may conduct unannounced inspections at any time
- residue tests to be performed to help in enforcement of the regulations
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List of Extension Vegetable Crops Specialists
| (Note: Anyone is free to use the information in this newsletter. Whenever possible, please give credit to the authors. The purpose of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing information and does not necessarily constitute a recommendation of the product.) |
| 2001 FL107 In-Services: Feb. 13: Strawberry in-service training. GCREC-Dover. Contact: John Duval. March 5-8: Florida Postharvest Industry Tour. Contact: Steve Sargent. April 23-25: Beneficials and Biorationals for Vegetable Pest Management. Contact: Susan Webb. |
Evaluation of Open Pollinated and Hybrid Okra Varieties for Plasticulture Production |
An okra variety trial was conducted in the Spring of 2000 at the North Florida Research and Education Center - Suwannee Valley near Live Oak, FL (Table 1) on a Lakeland fine sand soil. Okra was transplanted on April 7 in double rows 1-foot apart, onto 10-ft long plots at a within row spacing of 1 foot. White plastic mulch and drip irrigation were used. Center-to-center distance between beds was 5 feet, which created a stand of approximately 8,700 plants per acre.
Preplant fertilization consisted of an application of a 13-4-13 fertilizer at the rate of 500 lbs per acre. Beginning four weeks afer transplanting and through final harvest, additional N and K were injected daily through the drip system. Total N and K used (applied+injected) was 175 lbs/acre for the whole season. No fungicides were used, but Malathion was applied on June 16 and 30 to control stink bugs. Okra was harvested 3 times weekly between May and July for a total number of 21 harvests. Early yield was determined by adding the production of the first three harvests (Table 2).
Reference varieties for the area are the hybrid ‘North&South’ and the open-pollinated ‘Clemson Spineless’. The experimental line ‘SOK-601' had the numerically highest early yield (1,545 lbs/acre), while ‘Louisiana Green Velvet’ had the lowest (712 lbs/acre). ‘North & South’ (4,059lbs/acre) and ‘SOK 601' (4,113 lbs/acre) had significantly higher May yields than the other entries. ‘Mita #7' (17,500lbs/acre) and ‘North & South’ (16,782lbs/acre) had significantly higher season yields, and ‘Louisiana Green Velvet’ had the lowest (11,109lbs/acre). In this test, average pod production per harvest ranged between 833 lbs/acre (‘Mita #7') to 529 (‘Louisiana Green Velvet’). Yield differences in ‘Clemson Spineless’ and ‘Clemson Spineless 80' were small.
The unusually large pods of ‘Big Un’ made this variety a ‘specialty okra’ (see Fig. 1). Growth habit and foliage types were different among varieties (see Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5). The bushy, compact growth habit of ‘Babby Bubba’ made harvest difficult. This variety is not suited for commercial production.
Overall, hybrids tended to perform better than open pollinated varieties and to be earlier. The best performing hybrid varieties in this test were ‘Mita #7', ‘North&South’, ‘Annie Oakley’, and ‘Spike’, while the best performing open pollinated varieties were the standard ‘Clemson Spineless’, ‘Clemson Spineless 80', and ‘Penta Green’. The experimental hybrid ‘SOK-601' showed good potential for the area.
Table 1. Seed source, earliness and pod color of selected okra varieties. |
||||
Variety |
Seed Source1 |
DTH2 |
Pod |
|
1 |
2 |
Color, Shape |
||
Annie Oakley (F1) |
1 |
48 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Baby Bubba (F1) |
2 |
53 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Big Un (OP) |
9 |
NA |
42 |
Green, Ridged, Large |
Cajun Delight (F1) |
3 |
52 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Clemson Spineless (OP) |
1,4,5 |
55 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Clemson Spineless 80 (OP) |
6 |
58 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Emerald Green (OP) |
6,7 |
55 |
40 |
Green, Smooth |
Green Best (F1) |
3,8 |
48 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Lee (OP) |
3 |
56 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Long Green Pod (OP) |
2 |
50 |
42 |
Green, Ridged |
Louisiana Green Velvet (OP) |
9 |
58 |
42 |
Green, Smooth |
Mita #7 (F1) |
9 |
49 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
North & South (F1) |
10 |
46 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Penta Green (OP) |
8 |
50 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
SOK 601 (F1) |
8 |
NA |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
Spike (F1) |
9 |
48 |
40 |
Green, Ridged |
1 1=Petoseed; 2= Burpee Seeds; 3=Park Seed; 4=Asgrow; 5=Kelly Seeds; 6=Ferry-Morse; 7=Advance Seed; 8=Sakata; 9=Wilhite; 10=SeedWay2 DTH = Days to Harvest: 1=from commercial literature; 2=observed from transplant |
||||
Table 2. Yield of Okra Varieties in the Spring of 2000 at the North Florida Research and Education Center - Suwannee Valley (lbs / acre)1,2 |
||||||
Variety |
Early |
May |
June |
July |
Season |
Average |
Mita #7 |
1,269a |
3,683ab |
10,089a |
3,729a |
17,500a |
833 |
North & South |
1,275a |
4,059a |
9,225a |
3,498a |
16,782ab |
799 |
Clemson Spineless |
1,262a |
3,508a-c |
9,447a |
3,711a |
16,667a-c |
794 |
SOK 601 |
1,545a |
4,113a |
8,863a |
3,247a |
16,223a-c |
773 |
Green Best |
1,206a |
3,274a-d |
8,898a |
3,951a |
16,123a-c |
768 |
Annie Oakley |
1,425a |
3,540ab |
8,417a |
3,983a |
15,940a-c |
759 |
Clemson Spineless 80 |
1,140a |
3,631ab |
8,254a |
3,449a |
15,334a-c |
730 |
Spike |
1,377a |
3,648ab |
7,993a |
3,043a |
14,684a-c |
699 |
Penta Green |
981a |
3,312a-d |
8,071a |
3,130a |
14,513a-c |
691 |
Cajun Delight |
1,188a |
3,264a-d |
6,828a |
3,281a |
13,372a-c |
637 |
Big Un |
852a |
2,141d |
8,020a |
2,501a |
12,662a-c |
603 |
Emerald Green |
1,007a |
2,749b-d |
6,573a |
2,817a |
12,139a-c |
578 |
Lee |
673a |
2,271cd |
7,167a |
2,695a |
12,133a-c |
578 |
Baby Bubba |
886a |
2,473b-d |
5,623a |
3,549a |
11,645bc |
555 |
Long Green Pod |
781a |
2,635b-d |
6,110a |
2,509a |
11,254bc |
536 |
La. Green Velvet |
712a |
2,271cd |
5,966a |
2,872a |
11,109c |
529 |
1 Early yield was the sum of the first 3 harvests; 6 harvests in May; 11 harvests in June; 4 harvests in July; 21 harvests for season yield.2 Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan Multiple Range Test (5% level). |
||||||
Figure 1. Pods of selected okra
varieties (coin in the center of the picture is a U.S. quarter).
Figure 2. 'Louisiana Green
Velvet' okra.
Figure 3. 'Clemson Spineless
80' okra (standard open pollinated variety for the area).
Figure 4. 'Spike' okra.
Figure 5. 'Baby Bubba' okra.
(Simonne and B. Hochmuth, Vegetarian 01-02)
Several people have asked about specific herbicides in vegetables, and where they are in the labeling process. I will try to explain the situation on several herbicides as I understand them. You should keep in mind that the situation changes constantly.
DCPA. AMVAC now has the rights to Dacthal. They have told me that the new materials and labels will be in Florida by this coming Fall. I don’t know of any label changes for the old product.
Halosulfuron. Permit, Sempra, Sandea. Monsanto is marketing Permit and Sempra in Georgia, but only Sempra in Florida. It is labeled on sweetcorn, field corn, sugarcane, fallow land and turf. Gowan is labeling Sandea for use in vegetables. The cucumber and squash tolerance is approved. I would not recommend POST (emergence) applications on squash, due to phyto. The PRE label and plant-back tolerance, however, is there. The melon (muskmelon and watermelon) tolerance is at EPA as is the fruiting vegetable (tomato, pepper). The POST watermelon application for nutsedge control may have to be a third-party registration due to timing concerns.
Rimsulfuron. Matrix is labeled on potatoes and shadeout on processing tomatoes. DuPont is still not considering a fresh market tomato label.
Carfentrazone. Aim just received a sweetcorn label. It is a burn down product with only small residual control. FMC is assisting IR-4 in obtaining a tomato-pepper row middle label. Aim will control paraquat resistant nightshade as well as Eclypta and purslane. Carfentrazone is on a fast track with IR-4 and EPA.
Clopyralid. Stinger will soon receive a tolerance in matted row strawberries. The PHI (preharvest interval) will be 30 days. Dow is now talking to us and IR-4 to allow new residue trials to look at residue at 3 and 7 days PHI. Stinger may have to be a third-party registration in Florida.
Stinger is also at EPA for labels POST over all crucifers. Cabbage, collards and mustard tolerate applications very well.
Ethalfluralin. UAP is looking at a premix of curbit with clomozone. This combination should be safer on cucurbits as well as having a wider weed control range.
Oxyfluorfen. Goal is at IR-4 for application in strawberry row middles. Goal will burn down many broadleaf weeds as well as having good preemergence activity.
Clethodim. Labels should be coming from Valent for Select or Prism on a wider range of vegetables. Clethodim is a post-grass material.
Terbacil. Dupont is considering labeling Sinbar for pre-transplant under mulch in strawberries. A section 18 is in place for Sinbar use under mulch in transplanted watermelons in Delaware. This use is very safe on watermelons but not safe in any of the other cucurbits. The tolerance for this use is at EPA.
S-metolachlor. Metolachlor (Dual) labels and product are being replaced by the isomer S-metolachlor (Dual Magnum). Lower application rates should be used with Dual Magnum. With a little more testing, Dual Magnum is a candidate for a third-party label under mulch in pepper as a methyl bromide alternatives addition.
Glyphosate. Monsanto is applying to EPA to expand the Roundup label to include hooded sprayer application to row middles of several mulched vegetable crops.
With the consolidation of several herbicide manufacturers, the answers on labeling of herbicides on vegetables is very speculative. Just remembering which product is owned by which company (if they have not sold it) is confusing.
Also, we have to watch and see how the new administration is going to handle the "pesticide" situation.
If anyone has heard any other good rumors on what is happening, I would be glad to hear from you.
(Stall, Vegetarian 01-02)
National Organic Program |
The USDA announced in December 2000 Organic Production and Handling Standards after a long development and review process. The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 required USDA to develop national standards for organically produced agricultural products and establish an organic certification program based on recommendations of a 15-member National Organic Standards Board (NOSB). In December 1997, USDA published a proposed rule and received 275,603 public comments explaining why and how the rule should be rewritten. A revised proposal was published in March 2000. An additional 40,774 comments were received many of which were incorporated into the December 2000 rule.
Some highlights:
Certification
The USDA will accredit state, private, and foreign organizations or persons to become "certifying agents." Certifying agents will certify that production and handling practices meet the national standards.
Farmers and handlers will have to submit specific information to an accredited certifying agent to become certified. Information will include:
Certifier Training
The USDA will be hosting a workshop for organic certification agencies on March 7-8, 2001, in Buena Park, CA. The objective of the training workshop is to familiarize private and state organic certifiers with the requirements of accreditation under the National Organic Program and ISO Guide 65. For further information, please contact Beth Hayden at 202-720-8405 or by email
beth.hayden@usda.gov.These standards are to be implemented over 18 months beginning in February 2001. The USDA Seal may not be used on any "100% organic" or "organic" product until 18 months after the effective date (February 2001).
Newspapers have carried farmer concerns over the new regulations to help the $7.8 billion organic food industry. Most say the small farmer could get hurt because of the one size-fits-all standards. Keith Jones, who runs the USDA organic program has stated the NOSB, established in 1992, to come up with the standards can make recommendations on changes as the need arises. In a news release dated January 17, 2001, Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman announced the appointment of five new members to the NOSB. Dr. Rosalic L. Koenig, Gainesville, FL, was appointed as one of 4 organic farmers on the board. The NOSB includes 4 organic farmers, 1 retailer, 2 organic handlers, 3 environmentalists, 3 consumers, 1 scientist, and 1 certifying agent.
For additional information, visit the web site
www.ams.usda.gov/nop.(White, Vegetarian 01-02)
Raised Sawdust Vegetable Beds and Some Techniques that Have Worked for Me in North-Central Florida |
For about seven years now, I have tried different vegetables and methods using fresh sawdust (cypress & pine mixture) from a local sawmill to grow vegetables in raised beds (at least one foot high so I can get away from nematodes, especially for my carrot crop). Some of the problems I have had include nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and calcium deficiencies in some of my heavy-feeding Spring crops that I like to plant this time of year: Swiss chard, spinach, broccoli, carrots, lettuces, etc.
I have had success by mixing the following before I plant into a new sawdust bed (4 feet by 8 feet): one cup of dolomite, ½ cup of complete minor element mix from a fertilizer plant (Micromate, for example, is one brand), 4 ounces iron sulphate, 2 cups 6-20-6 analysis fertilizer. It is really important to thoroughly mix these nutrients into the sawdust bed before planting seed or transplanting plants.
Sawdust is a high carbon material that ties up nitrogen as warm weather stimulates microbial activity, so I add nitrogen frequently. At planting/transplanting, I topdress the bed (4 feet by 8 feet) with 1 cup of a 13-4-13 analysis fertilizer and about 4 ounces of iron sulphate. Maintain moisture with daily light irrigations.
About every two weeks, I topdress the bed (4 feet by 8 feet) with another cup of a 13-4-13 analysis fertilizer. I also topdress with 2 to 4 ounces of iron sulphate at that time (leafy vegetables like spinach, Swiss chard and lettuce show chlorotic interveinal areas and stunted leaves without additional iron applications).
Raised sawdust beds are the only way I have been able to grow carrots (Chatenay types seem to do best) without nematode damage to the roots.
A word about Swiss chard, an over-looked vegetable. Swiss chard can take warmer temperatures than spinach. During the cool season the leaf blade can be used like spinach in salad. When it warms up and becomes stronger tasting, it can be steamed like spinach (stuffed chicken breast, omelets, quiches, etc.). When it gets hot, it can be used in Oriental stir-fry dishes (substitute chard for bok choy) or Carribean soups (kalalu, "spinach & rice", etc.). Chard stems can be cut separate from the leaf blade, steamed and served with a white cream sauce (before they get hard and strong-tasting during hot weather) as a separate and elegant vegetable dish replacing asparagus on the menu. Some cultivars have beautiful red or yellow stems, in addition to the traditional white stems; which if you don’t like color in your foods, can at least be cut for decorative, edible garnishes in your dishes when you want to make a creative, elegant presentation dish.
Fordhook Giant is the standard white-stemmed variety. Bright Lights is a multi-colored variety (stem colors can include gold, pink, orange, purple, red and white with all kinds of bright and pastel variations). Bright Yellow has a bright yellow stem with dark green leaf blades. Ruby Red/Rhubarb chard has candy-apple red stems with re-veined leaf blades that are dark green. I am sure there are other varieties out there that you might want to try planting this month.
I soak the seed (they look like beet seed) in a cup of slightly warm water overnight before planting the next afternoon. Soaking seed at least for a day before planting seems to give a more consistent stand. In north-central Florida (Union County), planting from February 15 to March 15 seems to allow enough cool weather growth. Later plantings have not held up in the heat. Most varieties are rated from 50 to 57 days of growth in the seed catalogs, but I have had chard as late as mid-May. It all seems to depend on how hot the weather gets and whether the nights cool down. Keep the moisture to these leafy greens, they tend to "flag" during the middle of the day, but recover with a late afternoon watering. Keep cropping the leaves when they get to harvestable size and you will enjoy a longer supply of Swiss chard. Try this versatile crop and let me know your results (jwb@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu).
(Breman, Vegetarian 01-02)
Manual of Minor Vegetables |
In June, 1988, I authored IFAS publication SP-40, Manual of Minor Vegetables. Since that time, many thousands of copies of this book have been purchased all over the world, which attests to its usefulness in a wide variety of circles. This 120-page black and white manual contains over 150 write-ups plus photos of vegetables seldom considered to be of major importance.
The vegetables are listed alphabetically according to a common name followed by the accepted scientific name, according to Hortus, III and Smith and Welch (Smith, P.G., and J.E. Welch. 1963. Nomenclature of vegetables and condiment herbs grown in the United States. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 84:535-547).
The text includes other common and related botanical names, plus the vegetable’s history, description, climatic adaptation, and cultural requirements. In some cases, other information is included such as harvesting, marketing, preparation and use, and composition.
SP-40 is available at a very low cost from IFAS Publications, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110011, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (toll free 1-800-226-1764). In addition, each vegetable entry is available on-line at the University of Florida’s web-site, EDIS, at
http://edis.ifas.ufl.eduList of Vegetables in the Manual:
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
Achoccha |
Cyclanthera pedata L |
Amaranth |
Amaranthus spp. |
Angelica |
Angelica archangelica L. |
Anise |
Pimpinella anisum L. |
Arrowroot |
Maranta arundinacea L. |
Arrugula |
Eruca sativa Mill. |
Artichoke, globe |
Cynara scolymus L. |
Artichoke, Jerusalem |
Helianthus tuberosus L. |
Asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis L. |
Bambara groundnut |
Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars |
Bamboo |
Phyllostachys spp. |
Bean,adzuki |
Phaseolus angularis (Willd.) W.F. Wight |
Bean, broad |
Vicia faba L. |
Bean, dry |
Phaseolus vulgaris L. |
Bean, hyacinth |
Dolichos lablab L. or Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet |
Beanjack |
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. |
Bean, sword |
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. |
Bean, moth |
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal |
Bean, mung |
Phaseolus aureus Roxb. |
Bean, scarlet runner |
Phaseolus coccineus L. |
Bean sprouts |
Phaseolus aureus R. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. |
Bean, tepary |
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray |
Bean, wild mung |
Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich |
Bean, willow-leaf lima |
Phaseolus lunatus forma salicis Van Esel. |
Bean, winged |
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. |
Bean, yard-long |
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verde |
Boniatos |
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir |
Broccoli |
Brassica oleracea L. (Italica. group) |
Broccoli Chinese |
Brassica alboglabra L. |
Broccoli raab |
Brassica rapa L. (Ruvo group) |
Brussels sprouts |
Brassica oleracea L. (Gemmifera group) |
Burdock |
Ardium lappa L. |
Cabbage, Chinese |
Brassica campestris L. (Pekinensis group) |
Brassica campestris L. (Chinensis group) |
|
Cabbage, sea-kale |
Brassica oleracea L. (Tronchuda group) |
Cabbage, swamp |
Sabal palmetto (Walt) Lodd. ex Schult & Schult.f. |
Calabaza |
Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Lam. |
Capers |
Capparis spinosa L. |
Cardoon |
Cynara cardunculus L. |
Cassava |
Manihot esculenta Crantz |
Celeriac |
Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.-Beaup. |
Celtuce |
Lactuca sativa L. var. asparagina |
Chaya |
Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh |
Chayote |
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. |
Chicory |
Cichorium intybus L. |
Chives |
Allium; schoenoprasum. L. |
Chrysanthemum |
Chrysanthemum coronarium L. |
Chufa |
Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck |
Cilantro |
Coriandrum. sativum L. |
Citron |
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. |
Collards |
Brassica oleracea L. (Acephala group) |
Comfrey |
Symphytum peregrinum L. |
Corn salad |
Valerianella locusta (L.) Betcke |
Cucumber, Armenian |
Cucumis melo L. (Flexuosus group) |
Cushcush |
Dioscorea trifida L. |
Dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale Weber |
Dasheen |
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. |
Dill |
Anethum graveolens L. |
Eggplant, white |
Solanum ovigerum Dun. |
Solanum melongena var. esculentum (L.) Nees. |
|
Florence fennel |
Poeniculum, vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell. |
Garbanzo |
Cicer arietinum L. |
Garlic |
Allium sativum L. |
Garlic, elephant |
Allium ampeloprasum L. (Ampeloprsum gToup) |
Gherkin, West Indian |
Cucumis anguria L. |
Ginger |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe |
Ginseng |
Panax quinquefolius L. |
Gourd, bottle |
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. |
Gourd, cucuzzi |
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. |
Gourd, luffa |
Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem |
Luffa aegyptica Mill. |
|
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. |
|
Gourd, Okeechobee |
Cucurbita okeechobeensis Bailey |
Gourds, ornamental |
Lagenaria spp.; Cucurbita spp.; and Luffa spp. |
Gourd wax |
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cop. |
Guar |
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub. |
Hanover salad, |
Brassica napus L. (Pabularia. group) |
Herbs |
Anise, Basil, Borage, Caraway, Cardamom, Catnip, Chervil, Chives, Comfrey, Coriander, Costmary, Cumin, Dill, Fennel, Garlic, Ginger, Ginseng, Horehound, Lemon balm, Lovage, Marjoram, Mint, Oregano, Parsley, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Tarragon and Thyme |
Horseradish |
Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey., Scherb. |
Horseradish tree |
Moringa oleifera L. |
Huckleberry, garden |
Solanum melanocerasum All. |
Ice plant |
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. |
Jicama |
Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urban |
Jojoba |
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) S. |
Kale |
Brassica oleracea L. (Acephala group) |
Kangkong |
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk |
Ipomoea reptans Poir |
|
Kohlrabi |
Brassica oleracea L. (Gongylodes group) |
Leek |
Allium ampeloprasum L. (Porrum. group) |
Lentils |
Lens esculenta Moench. |
Lens culinaris Medic. |
|
Lovage |
Levisticum officinale Koch. |
Malanga |
Xanthosoma spp. |
Martynia |
Proboscidea louisianica, (Mill.) Thell. |
Melon, casaba |
Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus group) |
Melon, honeydew |
Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus group) |
Momordica |
Momordica spp. |
Mushroom |
Agaricus bisporus (Lge.) Sing. |
Mustard collard |
Brassica carinata L. |
Mustard, potherb |
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. japonica (Thunb.) Bailey |
Naranjillo |
Solanum, quitoense L. |
Nasturtium, garden |
Tropaeolum majus L. |
Onion, potato |
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum group) |
Onion, tree |
Allium cepa L. (Proliferum group) |
Onion, Welsh |
Allium fistulosum L. |
Orach |
Atriplex hortensis L. |
Paprika |
Capsicum annuum, L. |
Parsley |
Petroselinum crispum (MM.) Nym. |
Parsley root |
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. (Tuberosum. group) |
Parsnip |
Pastinaca sativa L. |
Pea, pigeon |
Cqjanus cajan (L.) Millsp. |
Pea, snap |
Pisum sativum L., (Macrocarpon group) |
Pea, snow |
Pisum sativum L. (Macrocarpon group) |
Peanuts |
Arachis hypogaea L. |
Pepper, chili |
Capsicum annuum L. |
Capsicum frutescens L. |
|
Pepper, datil |
Capsicum sinense Jacques |
Pepper, pimiento |
Capsicum annuum L. |
Pokeweed |
Phytolacca americana |
Pumpkin |
Cucurbita spp. |
Pumpkin, naked-seeded |
Cucurbita pepo L. |
Purslane |
Portulaca oleracea L. |
Radichio |
Cichorium intybus L. |
Radish, Chinese |
Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus group) |
Rakkyo |
Allium, chinense G. Don. |
Rampion |
Campanula rapunculus L. |
Rape |
Brassica napus L. |
Rhubarb |
Rheum rhabarbarum L. |
Romaine |
Lactuca sativa L. |
Roselle |
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. |
Rutabaga |
Brassica napus L. (Napobrassica group) |
Saffron |
Crocus sativus L. |
Salsify |
Tragopogon porrifolius L. |
Sarsaparilla |
Smilax spp. |
Sassafras |
Sassafras spp. |
Scorzonera |
Scorzonera hispanica L |
Sea kale |
Crambe maritima L. |
Shallot |
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum group) |
Skirret |
Sium sisarum L. |
Smallage |
Apium graveolens L. |
Sorrel, garden |
Rumex acetosa L. |
Soybeans, edible |
Glycine max (L.) Merr. |
Spinach, Malabar |
Baiella rubra L. |
Spinach, Now Zealand |
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) O. Ktze. |
Squash, banana |
Cucurbita maxima Duch. |
Squash, spaghetti |
Cucurbita pepo L. |
Squash, zucchini |
Cucurbita pepo L. |
Swiss chard |
Beta vulgaris L. (Cicla group) |
Tomato, husk |
Physalis pruinosa L. |
Tomatillo |
Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem |
Tomato, tree |
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. |
Truffles |
Tuber spp. |
Upland cress |
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers. |
Water celery |
Oenanthe javanica DC. |
Oenanthe stolonifera Wall. |
|
Waterchestnut |
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f. Trin. ex Henschel |
Watercress |
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. |
Watermelon, seedless |
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. |
Yams |
Dioscorea spp. |
(Stephens, Vegetarian 01-02)
Extension Vegetable Crops Specialists| Daniel J. Cantliffe Professor and Chairman, Horticultural Sciences Department |
Mark
A. Ritenour Assistant Professor, postharvest |
Timothy E. Crocker |
Ronald W. Rice Assistant Professor, nutrition |
| John Duval Assistant Professor, strawberry |
Steven A. Sargent Professor, postharvest |
| Chad Hutchinson Assistant Professor, vegetable production |
Eric Simonne Assistant Professor and Editor, vegetable nutrition |
| Elizabeth
M. Lamb Assistant Professor, production |
William M. Stall Professor, weed control |
| Yuncong Li Assistant Professor, soils |
James M. Stephens Professor, vegetable gardening |
| Donald N.
Maynard Professor, varieties |
Charles S. Vavrina Associate Professor, transplants |
| Stephen M. Olson Professor, small farms |
James M. White Associate Professor, organic farming |
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