The Vegetarian Newsletter

A Horticultural Sciences Department Extension Publication on Vegetable Crops
Eat your Veggies!!!!!

Issue No. 545 May 2009


Featured Articles

 

Announcements & News

EPA's 2009 Methyl bromide Allocation Rule is available, click here to view.

The 2009-2010 Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida has arrived and is currently being distributed.  Click here now to view the on-line version of the 2009-2010 Vegetarian Production Handbook. The new handbook should be available in EDIS very soon.

The 2008 FSHS Proceedings are now available on-line. Click here to view them now.

The 2008 Proceedings of the Tomato Institute are now available on-line.
Click here to view them now.

Monthly Climate Summaries are now available at www.AgroClimate.org - click on the state you want to view: Florida, Georgia or North Carolina.

Visit our archives. All of our archived issues from 1950-1999. These archived issues are full of interesting bits of knowledge. Click here to check out the topic of your interest now.

The 2007-2008 Vegetable Production Handbook is available on EDIS!
Click here to visit it now.

The electronic version of the 2007-2008 Vegetable Production Handbook has been archived but is still available for viewing.

New EDIS Horticulture Publications

Our latest publications are now available on EDIS: 
"Review of Nutrient Management Systems for Florida Vegetable Producers: A White Paper from the UF/IFAS Vegetable Fertilizer Task Force" is available at:   http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS1156 - This 17-page white paper from the UF/IFAS Vegetable Fertilizer Task Force, by Dr. D. Cantliffe, Dr. P. Gilreath, Dr. D. Haman, Dr. C. Hutchinson, Dr. Y. Li, Dr. G. McAvoy, Dr. K. Migliaccio, Dr. T. Olczyk, Dr. S. Olson, Dr. D. Parmenter, Dr. B. Santos, Dr. S. Shukla, Dr. E. Simonne, Dr. C. Stanley, and Dr. A. Whidden, identifies differences between actual fertilization practices and UF/IFAS fertilizer recommendations, especially for vegetables grown with subsurface (central and south Florida) and overhead (Miami-Dade County) irrigation. The recommendations of the VFTF aim at bridging the gaps between science-based results and the diversity in production systems found in the Florida vegetable industry.

"Estimated Effectiveness of Recommended Herbicides on Selected Common Weeds in Florida Vegetables" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS706. Revised! This publication, by Dr. William M. Stall and Dr. Andrew W. McCrae, is a 6-page fact sheet that provides producers with tables estimating herbicides on broadleaf and grass and sedge weeds in Florida vegetable production systems.

"Weed Control in Sweet Corn" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS197. Revised! This publication, by William M. Stall, is a 5-page fact sheet that describes effective weed management practices for cultivation of sweet corn in Florida, includes a table of chemical controls.

"Weed Control in Cole or Brassica Leafy Vegetables (Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Collards, Mustard, Turnips, Kale)" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS189. Revised! This publication, by Dr. William M. Stall, is a 5-page fact sheet that describes effective weed management practices for cultivation of cole or Brassica leafy vegetables, includes a table of chemical weed controls.

"Weed Control in Cucurbit Crops (Muskmelon, Cucumber, Squash, and Watermelon)" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS190. Revised! This publication, by William M. Stall, is a 6-page fact sheet that describes effective weed management practices for cultivation of cucurbit crops in Florida, includes a table of chemical weed controls.

"Weed Control in Eggplant" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS191. Revised! This publication, by Dr. William M. Stall, is a 3-page fact sheet that describes effective weed management practices for cultivation of eggplant in Florida, includes a table of chemical weed controls.

"Weed Control in Potato" is available on EDIS at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS194. Revised! This publication, by Dr. William M. Stall and Dr. Chad M. Hutchinson, is a 3-page fact sheet that describes effective weed management practices for cultivation of potatoes in Florida, includes a table of chemical weed controls.

"Guide for Maintaining the Quality and Safety of Organic Vegetables and Melons During Harvest and Handling Operations" is available at:   http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HS396 -This 7-page fact sheet, by Dr. Steven A. Sargent and Dr. Danielle Treadwell, decribes the practical guidelines to assist growers and handlers of organic vegetables and melons to minimize losses during harvest and handling operations. Differences in recommendations between crops grown using organic methods and conventional production methods are noted.

Other sources of horticultural information.
Direct link to the BMP Manual for Vegetables & Agronomic Crops in Florida

Click here for a printer friendly version of this article.

 

Watermelon Fungicides 2009


By:  Amanda J. Gevens, UF/IFAS Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL and Pamela D. Roberts, UF/IFAS Plant Pathology, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL

Managing disease in watermelon includes site and cultivar selection, irrigation management, row spacing, and soil preparation.  However, once the plants are in the ground, fungicides are an important component of good disease management.  The following table includes all of the currently-labeled fungicides for common watermelon diseases in Florida.  The list is organized by disease, with products listed alphabetically.  Products known to be highly effective have been labeled with an asterisk (*). 

FRAC, or the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee, was developed to help provide resistance management guidelines for fungicide use.  The FRAC codes help identify fungicides by their mode of action and informs if they should be used in consecutive sprays.  The FRAC codes for each material are listed in the following table.  (A simple way to remember what to use next in your fungicide rotation is to use a labeled fungicide with a different FRAC number or letter.)

A good general fungicide program would be: 

  1. inspect transplants for health and quality before setting in the field.
  2. apply Ridomil under the plastic for damping off (Pythium).
  3. scout plants on a weekly basis (from transplant to harvest) for disease.
  4. if diseases (such as Gummy Stem Blight or Downy Mildew) are found, it will be necessary to get on a rotation program with one or more of the fungicides in the following table.
  5. it is a good practice to tank-mix systemic fungicides with protectants, such as Bravo or Dithane.
  6. routine applications of chlorothalonil (Bravo) alternated with mancozeb (Dithane) can be made until fruit set.


Watermelon Fungicides 2009

Disease Material (FRAC codes)
Rate
Minimum Days
Remarks
Formulation
A.I.
Harvest Re-Entry

Angular Leaf Spot

*Fixed copper (M1)

See label

-

0

0

Repeated use may cause leaf yellowing.

Bacterial Fruit Blotch

*Fixed copper (M1)

See label

-

0

0

Start applic. at first bloom; ineffective once fruit reach full size.  Repeated use may cause leaf yellowing.

Belly Rot or
Fruit Rot or Rhizoctonia Rot

*Azoxystrobin (Amistar, Quadris, Heritage) 2.08F (11)

See label

See label

1

4 hr

Make banded applic. to soil surface or in-furrow applic. before seed are covered. 

Chlorothalonil (Bravo Ultrex) 6F
(M5)

1.8 lb/A

1.5 lb a.i./A

0

12 hr

Use in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage.  Re-apply every 7 days.  Spraying mature watermelon fruit may result in sunburn of upper surface.

Potassium phosphates (Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, Prophyt, Topaz) (33)

See label

See label

0

See label

Check label for required min. gal/A.  Restrictions are for use following copper applic., plant and environmental conditions that restrict use, and compatibility.

Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) 70WP (1)

0.5 lb/A

0.35 lb/A

-

0.5 days

Apply in sufficient water to obtain run-off to soil surface. 

Damping-off  (Pythium)

*Mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold, Ultra Flourish) (4)

1 to 2 pt/A

0.5 to 1 lb/A

-

2 days

Preplant incorporated (broadcast or band); soil spray (broadcast or band); or injection (drip irrigation. 

Potassium phosphates (Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, Prophyt, Topaz) (33)

See label

See label

0

See label

Check label for required min. gal/A.  Restrictions are for use following copper applic., plant and environmental conditions that restrict use, and compatibility with other materials.

Propamocarb (Previcur Flex) 6F (28)

12.8 fl oz/100 gal

0.6 lb/100 gal

2

0.5 days

Rates based on rock wool cube saturation in the greenhouse.  See label for use in seed beds, drip system, and soil drench.

Leaf Spots, Alternaria, Anthracnose (Colletotrichum), Cercospora, Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella), Target Spot (Corynespora)

 

*Azoxystrobin (Amistar, Quadris, Heritage) 2.08 F (11)

11 to 15.4 fl oz/A

0.18 to 0.25 lb/A

1

4 hr

Make no more than 1 applic. before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action.  Apply no more than 2.88 qt/crop/A/season.

Bacillus spp. (Serenade Max, Sonata, Rhapsody)

See label

See label

0

0

Do not use product alone.  Apply with registered fungicide.

*Chlorothalonil (Bravo Ultrex) 6F (M5)

1.8-2.7 lb/A

1.5-2.2 lb a.i./A

0

12 hr

Use in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage.  Re-apply every 7 days.  Spraying mature watermelon fruit may result in sunburn of upper surface.

Copper (M1)

See label

-

-

-

Repeated use may cause leaf yellowing.

Famoxadone + cymoxanil (Tanos) 50WP (11+27)

8 oz/A

4 oz/A

3

0.5

Only for Alternaria and Anthracnose.  Do not make >1 applic. before alternating with a fungicide of a different mode of action.  Must be tank-mixed with  a contact fungicide.

Fenamidone (Reason) 500SC (11)

5.5 fl oz/A

0.178 lb/A

14

0.5 day

Begin applic. when conditions favor disease and continue on 5- to 10-day interval.  Do not apply >22 fl oz/season.  Alternate with fungicides from different resistance management groups, and make <4 applic. of Group 11 fungicides per season.

*Kresoxim methyl (Sovran) (11)

4.8 oz

-

0

12 hr

For Gummy Stem Blight.  Follow resistance management guidelines for QoI fungicides.

*Mancozeb (M3)

2 to 3 lb/A

1.6 to 2.4 lb/A

5

1 day

Apply no more than 24 lb/A/season.

*Maneb (Maneb) 75DF (M3)

1.2 to 1.6 lb/A

0.44 to 0.6 lb/A

5

1 day

Spray at first appearance and then at 7- to 10-day intervals. 

*Pyraclostrobin (Cabrio ) 20WG (11)

12 to 16 oz/A

2.4 to 3.2 oz/A

0

0.5

Do not use for Gummy Stem Blight where resistance to Group 11 (QoI) fungicides exists.  Do not make >1applic. before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 

*Pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine) 38WG (11+7)

12.5 to 18.5 oz/A

4.8 to 7 oz/A

0

12 hr

Not for Target Spot.  Use highest rate for Anthracnose.  Make no more than 4 applications per season. 

Tebuconazole
(Folicur) 3.6F

8 fl oz/A

0.22 lb/A

7

12 hr

Gummy stem blight suppression only.  Limited to 24 fl oz/A/crop/season.

Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) 70WP (1)

0.5 lb/A

0.35 lb/A

-

0.5

Spray at first appearance and then at 7- to 10-day intervals.

Mancozeb + Zoxamide (Gavel) 75DF (M3+22)

1.5 to 2 lb/A

1.13 lb to 1.5 lb/A

5

2

Begin applications when plants are in 2-leaf stage, and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals.

Downy
Mildew

 

Azoxystrobin (Amistar, Quadris, Heritage) 2.08 F (11)

11 to 15.4 fl oz/A

0.18 to 0.25 lb/A

1

4 hr

Make no more than 1 applic. before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action.  Apply no more than 2.88 qt/crop/A/season.

Bacillus spp. (Rhapsody, Serenade, Sonata)

See label

See label

-

0

Do not use product alone.  Apply with registered fungicide.

Chlorothalonil (Bravo Ultrex) 6F (M5)

1.8 lb/A

1.5 lb a.i./A

0

12 hr

Use in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage.  Re-apply every 7 days.  Spraying mature watermelon fruit may result in sunburn of upper surface.

*Cyazofamid (Ranman) 400 CS (21)

2.75 fl oz/A

0.071 lb/A

0

0.5

Do not apply >6 sprays/crop.  Make no more than 3 consecutive applic. followed by 3 applic. of fungicides from different resistance management groups.

*Cymoxanil (Curzate) 60DF (27)

3.2 oz/A

1.9 oz/A

3

0.5

Use only in combination with labeled rate of protectant fungicide.  No more than 9 applic./12 months.

Dimethomorph (Acrobat, Forum) 50WP (40)

6.4 oz/A

3.2 oz/A

0

0.5

Apply only as a tank mix with another fungicide.  Do not make >2 sequential applic.

*Famoxadone + cymoxanil (Tanos) 50WP (11+27)

8 oz/A

4 oz/A

3

0.5

Do not make >1 applic. before alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action.  Must be tank mixed with contact fungicide.

*Fenamidone (Reason) 500SC (11)

5.5 fl oz/A

0.178 lb/A

14

0.5

Begin applications when conditions favor disease and continue on a 5- to 10-day interval.  Do not apply >22 fl oz/season.  Alternate with fungicide from different resistance management group, and make no more than 4 total applic. of Group 11 fungicides/season.

Fixed copper (M1)

See label

-

-

-

Repeated use may cause leaf yellowing.

*Fluopicolide (Presidio) (43)

3.0-4.0 fl oz/A

0.09-0.125 lb a.i./A

2 days

12 hrs

Max rate is 4 fl oz/A/applic. And 12 fl oz/A/season.  Apply no more than 2 sequential applic. Before alternating to fungicide of a different chemistry.

Fosetyl-Al (Aliette) 80WDG (33)

2 to 5 lb/A

1.6 to 2.4 lb/A

0.5

0.5

Do not tank mix with coppers.  Mixing with surfactants or foliar fertilizers is not recommended.

*Mancozeb (M3)

2 to 3 lb/A

1.6 to 2.4 lb/A

5

1

Apply no more than 24 lb/A/season

*Mandipropamid (Revus) (40)

8 oz

 

 

                      

0.13 lb/a.i./A

0

12 hr

Max of 4 applic. during 1 crop cycle.  Apply no more than 2 sequential applic. before alternating to a fungicide of a different chemistry.  An adjuvant is recommended.  Do not use in transplant production.  30 day plant back restriction, unless plant appears on label.

*Maneb (Maneb) 75DF (M3)

1.5 to 2 lb/A

0.44 to 0.6 lb/A

5

1

Spray at first appearance and at 7-10-day intervals. 

*Mefenoxam + chlorothalonil (Ridomil Gold Bravo, Fluoronil) 76.5WP (4+M5)

2 to 3 lb/A

1.5 lb/A

7

2

Spray at first appearance and repeat at 14-day intervals.  Apply full rate of protectant fungicide between applic.  Avoid late-season applic., when plants reach maturity.

Potassium phosphates (Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, Prophyt, Topaz) (33)

See label

See label

0

See label

Check label for required min. gal/A.  Restrictions are for use following copper applic., plant and environmental conditions that restrict use, and compatibility with other materials.

*Propamocarb  (Previcur Flex) 6F (28)

1.2 pt/A

0.9 lb/A

2

0.5

Begin applic. before infection; continue on a 7- to 14-day interval.  Do not apply >6 pt/season.  Always tank mix with another downy mildew product.

*Pyraclostrobin (Cabrio) 20WG (11)

8 to 12 oz/A

1.6 to 2.4 oz/A

0

0.5

Do not make >1 applic. before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action.

*Pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine) 38WG (11+7)

12.5 to 18.5 oz/A

4.8 to 7 oz/A

0

12 hr

Not for Target Spot.  Use highest rate for Anthracnose.  Make no more than 4 applications per season. 

Trifloxystrobin (Flint) 50WDG (11)

4 oz/A

2 oz/A

0

0.5

Begin applic. preventatively and continue as needed alternating applic. of Ridomil Gold Bravo on a 7-10-day interval.

*Mancozeb + Zoxamide (Gavel) 75DF (22+M3)

1.5 to 2 lb/A

1.13 to 1.5 lb/A

5

2

Begin applic. when plants are in 2-leaf stage, and repeat at 7-10-day intervals.

Phytophthora Blight

Cyazofamid (Ranman) 400SC (21)

2.75 fl oz/A

0.071 lb/A

0

0.5

Do not apply >6 sprays/crop.  Make no more than 3 consecutive applic. followed by 3 applic. of fungicides from different resistance management groups.

Dimethomorph (Acrobat, Forum) 50WP (15)

6.4 oz

3.2 oz

0

0.5

Must be applied as a tank mix with another fungicide active against Phytophthora Blight.  Do not make >2 sequential applic.

*Fluopicolide (Presidio) (43)

3.0-4.0 fl oz/A

0.09-0.125 lb a.i./A

2 days

12 hrs

Max rate is 4 fl oz/A/applic. And 12 fl oz/A/season.  Apply no more than 2 sequential applic. Before alternating to fungicide of a different chemistry.

*Mandipropamid (Revus) (40)

8 oz

0.13 lb/a.i./A

0

12 hr

Max of 4 applic. during 1 crop cycle.  Apply no more than 2 sequential applic. before alternating to a fungicide of a different chemistry.  An adjuvant is recommended.  Do not use in transplant production.  30 day plant back restriction, unless plant appears on label.

Potassium phosphates (Fosphite, Fungi-Phite, Prophyt, Topaz) (33)

See label

See label

0

See label

Check label for required min. gal/A.  Restrictions are for use following copper applic., plant and environmental conditions that restrict use, and compatibility with other materials.

Powdery
Mildew

*Azoxystrobin (Amistar, Quadris, Heritage) 2.08 F (11)

11 to 15.4 fl oz/A

0.18 to 0.25 lb/A

1

4 hr

Make no more than 1 applic. before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action.  Apply no more than 2.88 qt/crop/A/season.

Chlorothalonil (Bravo Ultrex) 6F (M5)

1.8-2.7 lb/A

1.5-2.2 lb a.i./A

0

12 hr

Use in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage.  Re-apply every 7 days.  Spraying mature watermelon fruit may result in sunburn of upper surface.

Copper (M1)

See label

-

-

-

Repeated use may cause leaf yellowing.

Horticultural Oils (JMS Stylet Oil, Sporan, Neem Oil)

See label

See label

-

-

See label for specific application techniques required. 

*Kresoxim methyl (Sovran) (11)

3.2-4.8 oz

-

0

12 hr

Follow resistance management guidelines for QoI fungicides.

*Myclobutanil (Nova, Rally) 40WP (3)

2.5 to 5 oz/A

1 to 2 oz/A

0

1

Apply no more than 1.5 lb/A/crop.  Observe 30-day plant back interval.

*Pyraclostrobin (Cabrio) 20WG (11)

8 to 12 oz/A

1.6 to 2.4 oz/A

0

0.5

Do not make >1 applic. before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action.

*Pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pristine) 38WG (11+7)

12.5 to 18.5 oz/A

4.8 to 7 oz/A

0

12 hr

Not for Target Spot.  Use highest rate for Anthracnose.  Make no more than 4 applications per season. 

*Quinoxyfen (Quintec) (13)

4-6 fl oz/A

-

3 days

12 hr

Do not make more than 4 applic./season.  Rotate fungicide chemistries to avoid resistance development. 

*Sulfur (M2)

See label

-

0

1

Do not use when temps. are over 90°F or on sulfur-sensitive varieties.

Tebuconazole
(Folicur) 3.6F

4-6 fl oz/A

0.11-0.17 lb/A

7

12 hr

Follow label for resistance management guidelines.  Limited to 24 fl oz/A/crop/season.

*Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) 70WP (1)

0.5 lb/A

0.35 lb/A

-

0.5

Spray at first appearance and then at 7- to 10-day intervals.

*Trifloxystrobin (Flint) 50WDG (11)

1.5 to 2 oz/A

0.75 to 1 oz/A

0

0.5

Begin applic. preventatively and continue as needed on a 7-14-day interval.  Do not apply >1applic. before alternating with a non-strobilurin fungicide. 

*Triflumizole (Procure) 50WS (3)

4 to 8 oz

2 to 4 oz

0

0.5

Begin applic. at vining or first sign of disease, and repeat at 7-14-day intervals.



Horticultural Sciences Department, 1117 Fifield Hall, PO Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690
Phone Number: 352-392-1928 - Fax Number: 352-392-5653